Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an antibody-based analytical biochemistry test that detects the presence of ligand in a liquid sample using antibodies specifically directed against the ligand being measured. ELISA is used to confirm the presence of specific antibodies that confer protection against subsequent viral infections. ELISA results can confirm prior exposure to specific viruses, as well as successful vaccination-conferred viral protection.
| Assay Name | Assay Code | Description of Disease |
|---|---|---|
| B Virus | ELISA1 | Herpes B Virus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1, or McHV-1) is a neurotropic virus infecting macaque monkeys. B virus in macaques exhibits pathogenesis similar to that of herpes simplex viruses in humans, including oral, ocular, and genital lesions. Humans who are zoonotically infected with B virus can present with severe central nervous system disease, resulting in permanent neurological dysfunction or death. Infection can occur via bites, scratches, and exposures to mucous membranes, including the eye. |
| Measles | ELISA2 | Measles is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus. Symptoms typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, and inflamed eyes. Infection of non-human primates has been well documented in macaques (especially rhesus), baboons, marmosets, tamarins, squirrel monkeys, and chimps. Measles infection in non-human primates is highly contagious, and many outbreaks in primate colonies have been described, with symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to rapidly fatal. Immunosuppression during measles virus infection has also been documented and death resulting from secondary infections is common. Vaccination against measles is routinely employed at primate facilities, with diagnostic antibody testing necessary to confirm successful inoculation. Diagnostic testing helps colony managers identify early signs of outbreak and prevent the spread of virus among an improperly vaccinated or unvaccinated colony. Testing also helps minimize personnel exposure to the virus and ensures the safety of primate-derived biological products. |
| Simian Varicella Virus (SVV) | ELISA3 | Simian varicella virus, also known as Cercopithecine alphaherpesvirus 9 (CeHV-9), is a species of virus in the genus Varicellovirus and family Alphaherpesvirinae. SVV infects primates and shares clinical, pathological, immunological, and virological features with varicella-zoster virus infection in humans. |
| SIV | ELISA4 | Simian immunodeficiency virus causes persistent infections in a myriad of non-human primates. Virus strains from two of these primate species, SIVsmm in sooty mangabeys and SIVcpz in chimpanzees, are believed to have crossed the species barrier into humans, resulting in HIV-2 and HIV-1, respectively. SIV infections in their natural African simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus; however, if the virus infects an Asian or Indian rhesus macaque, these non-African simian primates will develop simian AIDS (SAIDS), as they, like humans, have not had a prolonged history with the virus. |
| SRV type D | ELISA5 | SRV type D, also known as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, is a species of virus that usually infects and causes a fatal immune deficiency in Asian macaques. This ssRNA virus appears sporadically in captive macaques at breeding facilities and is transmitted naturally by virus-containing body fluids via biting, scratching, grooming, and fighting. Cross contaminated instruments or equipment can also spread this virus among animals. Some clinical and pathological symptoms of M-PMV-infected newborn rhesus macaques are diarrhea, weight loss, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, anemia, neutropenia, and neoplastic disease. |
| STLV-1 | ELISA6 | Simian-T-lymphotropic viruses, also called Simian T-cell leukemia viruses (STLVs), are a family of retroviruses closely related to the human virus family HTLV. STLVs have subtypes 1 through 4, with each subtype having its own distinct viral surface proteins. STLV-1 is a common and usually asymptomatic infection among primate colonies. Pathological findings include lymphoproliferative disease similar to acute lymphoblastic leukemia. |
| STLV-2 | ELISA7 | STLV-2 is closely related to the human virus HTLV-2. No clinical disease has ever been described to be associated with STLV-2 infection. |
| ELISA Panel 1 | ELISAPANEL1 | ELISA panel for B virus, SRV, SIV, and STLV-1. |
| ELISA Panel 2 | ELISAPANEL2 | ELISA panel for B virus, Measles, SRV, and SIV. |
| ELISA Panel 3 | ELISAPANEL3 | ELISA panel for B virus, SRV, and SIV. |
| ELISA Panel 4 | ELISAPANEL4 | ELISA panel for B virus, Measles, SRV, and STLV-1. |
| ELISA Panel 5 | ELISAPANEL5 | ELISA panel for B virus, Measles, SIV, and STLV-1. |
| ELISA Panel 6 | ELISAPANEL6 | ELISA panel for B virus, Measles, SRV, SIV, and STLV-1. |
Sample submission requirements:
One-half to one milliliter of serum is adequate for serum-based diagnostic testing.
Serum should be removed from clotted blood by centrifugation before shipment. Serum-separator tubes may be sent intact, after centrifugation. Failure to remove the serum from the clot may cause erroneous results.
Please send the serum on ice packs. Overnight transportation should be used (FedEx, UPS, or USPS). ELISA results are processed within 24 hours after sample delivery.
*Positive results will take up to 72 hours to confirm.*